Section 4 SummerWinds Forklift Training Manual

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

LESSON 4 of 4 Operator Maintenance

Lesson 4 • Page 35

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Operator Maintenance Introduction Operator maintenance will improve safety, increase productivity and cut maintenance costs . An operator maintenance program is designed to prevent major maintenance problems , downtime, "putting out fires" type maintenance and excessive expenditures for spare parts.

AN EXAMPLE: Michelle, the operator for forklift #23, inspects her forklift and notices the rubber on the left front drive wheel is tearing from the metal rim. It is not a safety hazard and it doesn't affect her driving, but she knows that these tires should be replaced. She promptly notes the deficiency on her daily operator's checklist and she also notifies her supervisor.The supervisor in turn notifies the mechanic and he verifies that the tire is getting worn and should be replaced.The mechanic schedules the tire replacement at the same time the forklift will be in the shop for a 100-hour service. Because Michelle reported this deficiency before the tire became a safety hazard, the mechanic had plenty of time to: ‹ Order the necessary parts. ‹ Schedule the tire replacement at the same time as other maintenance. (This reduces downtime and extra labor charges.) ‹ Schedule workloads, mechanic availability to keep the shop running in a smooth orderly manner and reducing the amount of emergency repairs. As an operator you must be trained to perform operator maintenance and that training must be enforced. A maintenance programs is often ineffective or non-existent because operators may overlook maintenance and supervisors do not follow up or control the program. It is not enough to be a trained operator, follow up with supervision with any maintenance needs. Safety is everyone’s job.

Lesson 4 • Page 36

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Critical items are those that must be in good repair before the forklift can be safely operated. These are to be checked by the operator before using the forklift. If any of these items are deficient, the forklift cannot be operated until the repair has been made: Combustion Engines Critical Maintenance Items: Brakes. Check the brakes to make sure they stop the forklift as intended. If the brake pedal has to be pushed more than 2 inches down before the brakes engage, then the brakes need adjusting and should be done as soon as possible. The brakes are defective do not operate the forklift until these repairs are made. Parking Brake. Engage the parking brake. Start the engine move the accelerator forward while the forklift is in a forward gear. If the brake holds, then it is in good working order. If it doesn't hold, don't operate the forklift until it has been repaired. Steering. Inspect the steering by turning the steering wheel while observing the steering tires. If there is play in the wheel (steering wheel turns a short distance before the tires start to turn) the steering could be defective. A mechanic or supervisor should inspect the forklift before it is operated in this condition. Horn. It the horn doesn't work, the forklift is unsafe to operate. Have it repaired. Leaks. Inspect the fuel lines, hydraulic hoses and other parts of the forklift for leaks. Do not operate a forklift that has a leak in the fuel, oil, hydraulic or transmission systems.

Following are the items that should be inspected by operators before operating the forklift. Noted deficiencies must be reported to the supervisor for correction.These items are called critical maintenance items. Critical Maintenance Items

Lesson 4 • Page 37

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Electrical Engines Critical Maintenance Items: Electrical Truck Safety Features to be checked in addition to the above for combustible engines, if using electric equipment: considered critical safety items. Deadpan Brake. On sit down rider forklifts, the deadpan brake is the seat that springs up when a person leaves the seat. A contractor interrupts the electrical circuit and the forklift stops and will not go forward or reverse until someone sits down in the seat.This prevents a run-away forklift in case someone falls off the seat. Stand up rider electric also has a deadpan brake that is activated when someone steps off the spring-loaded brake pedal, located on the floor where a person stands while operating.

voltage meter (voltmeter). Discharging batteries completely reduce the life of the battery and renders the forklift unsafe to operate. Summary

The critical maintenance items are considered critical factors in determining the safe operating condition of forklift equipment. A deficiency in any of the categories requires that the forklift be “deadline” (taken out of service).

NOTE: To place a forklift in deadline or out of service, place a tag on the steering wheel and remove the key. Make sure the forklift is not creating a hazard. Park it away from aisles or other walkways and check if the forklift has:

Electrical cables that are worn, cracked or frayed can "short out” or cause the ignition or explosion of the battery vapors due to sparking across metal parts of the forklift. Inspect all wires and cables before operating the forklift.

1. Mast in vertical position. 2. Forks lowered to floor. 3. Parking brake engaged. 4. Engine off, key removed.

Voltmeter. Inspect the voltmeter to make sure the main motor battery is charged. Never operate electric forklifts below 80% of the capacity of the battery.This is usually the red area indicated on your

Lesson 4 • Page 38

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Forklift Daily Inspection Checklist 1 OF 3 The Daily Inspection Checklist items are required daily and it is important that you understand the purpose of these checks, and why they are so important to safely operate the forklift. The purpose of inspecting the forklift daily is to ensure the truck is safe to operate, identifying and alleviating problems before they occur, ensuring the safety of you, fellow Associates, and your Customers.You will be required to demonstrate your competency in completing this checklist to pass this program during your hands-on practical exam.

MAKE ___________________CAPACITY_______________SERIAL# ______________________________HR.METER _______________

1. Previously noted deficiency: Has the deficiency been corrected? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. Forklift posture and loose parts: Is the forklift in tilted posture? Sign of oil or water leakage? Any loose or rattling component? ® YES ® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3. Wheel tire: Damaged or excessively worn? Is the wheel rim free from distortion? Are all hub nuts tight? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. Lamps and lights: Any failed bulb? Broken glass or lens? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. Rearview mirror: Is the mirror clean and free from damage? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Lesson 4 • Page 39

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Forklift Daily Inspection Checklist 2 OF 3

6. Hydraulic oil: Is the oil clean? Is the system full? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Radiator: Is the water up to level? ® YES

7.

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Engine: Is the engine oil clean? Do not over fill. Causes over pressurization and can damage the oil seals and system. Any abnormal engine noise? Are the exhaust gases normal? ® YES

8.

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

9. Fan Drive Belt: Is the belt properly tensioned, free from damage? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

10. Battery Electrolyte. Is the electrode up to level in each cell? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

11. Brake fluid: is the oil up to level in the reservoir? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

12. Clutch pedal: ls the pedal effective with a proper stroke and a play? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Lesson 4 • Page 40

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Forklift Daily Inspection Checklist 3 OF 3

13. Automatic Transmission: Is its oil clean? Is the oil up to level? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

14. Instruments: Are all instruments in good working condition? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

15. Fuel tank: Enough fuel in the tank? ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

16. Mast and Hydraulic Drive: Any leakage of hydraulic oil? Any cracks n the mast structure? Do all moving parts work properly? ® YES ® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

17. Mast Chains: Are chains equally tensioned? (Check with forks raised 4-6 of ground). Uneven tension or too much slack in the lifting can cause damage to the equipment or an accident. ® YES

® NO ACTION TAKEN: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

INSPECTOR: _____________________________________________ DATE: _____________________ SHIFT: ______________________

SPECIAL NOTES:__________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 4 • Page 41

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

The operator must inspect their forkli昀 before opera琀ng each shi昀. Di昀erent forkli昀s can require di昀erent daily inspec琀on items. Please consult the operator’s manual for the par琀cular forkli昀 being operated. Visually inspect the items market “Visual” 昀rst. Then, check those marked “Opera琀onal.”

To learn more about the Daily Inspection review this Inspection Guide (1 OF 2)

Internal Combus琀on (IC) Forkli昀s

If a 昀re ex琀nguishers is installed, is it charged and secure? (Visual)

Are all equipped lights operable and free of damage and debris? Is the moun琀ng secure? (Opera琀onal)

Is the overhead guard free of any damage, bending, cracks, compromised welds, looseness, and drill holes? (Visual) Are all equipped mirrors clean and re昀ec琀ve? (Opera琀onal) Is the fuel tank connected, secure, and free of issues? (Visual) Does the li昀 have adequate fuel? (Visual) Is the operator’s manual present? (Visual)

Is the mast free of damage and cracked welds? Are the chains and carriage lev el? Are the hydraulic cylinders (li昀 and 琀lt) secure and leak-free? (Visual)

Are the li昀 chains and hoses leak-free? Are there any signs of damage? Are the chains lubricat ed? (Visual)

Is the seat belt moun琀ng secure? Is the belt free of frays and rips? Is the buckle operable and damage free? (Opera琀onal) Does the operator presense sens ing system (OPSS) func琀on as it should? (Opera琀onal) Has all rubbish been removed from the operators compartment? (Visual)

Do all motors (drive, steer, and hydraulic) and li昀ing/a琀achment func琀ons operate properly? Are they free of strange noises and jerky mo琀on? (Opera琀onal)

Does the inching pedal func琀on poperly? Is there play? (IC- only, Opera琀onal)

Is the exterior of the li昀 (around and underneath) free of leaking 昀uids, damage, loose parts, cracks, and other structural defects? (Visual)

Are the 琀res and hubs free of chunk ing, cuts, wear, and damage? Are the hub nuts 琀ght? If pneuma琀c, is the 琀re pressure at the correct level? (Visual)

Are the forks and load back rest free of cracks, bends, and loose bolts? Are the forks within wear limits? Is the fork locking pin secure and operable? (Visual)

Lesson 4 • Page 42

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING MANUAL • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

To learn more about the Daily Inspection review this Inspection Guide (2 OF 2)

Is the air 昀lter clean and in place? (Visual)

Is the engine free of leaks, strange noises, and emission smells? (Visual)

If not a maintenance-free ba琀ery, is the water at the correct level? (Visual)

Are the 昀uids (engine oil, water/ coolant, brake, and hydraulic 昀uid) at the correct level, free of contaimina琀on, and of proper consistency? (Visual)

Are the ba琀ery holddowns and hood latch intact and secure? (Visual)

Lesson 4 • Page 43

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Forklift Driving Off Inspection

ENGINE During and after the warming-up operation of the engine, observe it’s running condition for evidence of abnormal vibration, noise or exhaust color.

The color of exhaust smoke is a good indicator of the quality of fuel combustion within the engine and may be interpreted as follow:

1. Colorless or slightly: Fuel is being completely burned.

2. Black smoke . Incomplete fuel combustion.

3. White smoke . Oil pumping meaning that engine lube oil is in the process of getting into combustion chambers.

FUEL Just before placing the forklift in overnight outage, fill up the fuel tank to minimize the air space inside the tank. This will minimize the amount of water condensation from the air. Keep the fuel tank cap tight or water may leak in.Water in the fuel will foul up the fuel injection system. LP gas cylinders must be turned off and protected from excess heat or cold . Hot weather precautions for the engine cooling system are the following: ‹ Keep the radiator fans clean. Use compressed air to remove dirt from the fans.When cleaning, check the cores for water.

Lesson 4 • Page 44

FORKLIFT SAFETY TRAINING • LESSON 4 • OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

Precautions are necessary, such as using LONG LIFE COOLANT or antifreeze in the cooling system, keeping the battery fully charged to avoid electrolyte freeze-up, making provisions for avoiding entry of water into the fuel, etc. AFTER THE DAY'S WORK Before placing the forklift in overnight storage , clean its exposed parts, and give the following servicing attention to the forklift: ‹ Check various water and oil containing parts for evidence of leaks. ‹ Inspect and, as necessary; clean the air cleaner element. ‹ Some grease lubricated parts may need re-lubrication. Using a grease gun, give a fresh charge of grease to such parts. (The forklift is still in warmed-up state - just right time for re-lubrication.) ‹ Operate the mast just for one cycle of full-stroke lifting motion, making the forks reach the highest level.This is for wetting the entire wall of the lift cylinder core with oil. You have concluded the Forklift Operators Training Manual – this may be referred to as needed for your training needs and preparations for the exams required for SummerWinds Certification .

‹ Keep the fan drive belt properly tensioned , so that the fan will run without any slipping, producing a full draft of cooling air through the radiator cores. ‹ Shutting down the engine in " overheated " condition is not advisable: instead of shutting it down, let it idle and wait for the coolant temperature to drop , with the engine hood kept wide open to allow air circulation around the engine. Stop

the engine when it has sufficiently cooled. Never add water to an overheated engine block unless the engine is running. Cool water can crack the engine block.

HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL To obtain a true level reading, the forks must be brought down to the lower mast position. As in other oil level checks, use a piece of clean cloth to wipe the oil off the gauge rod. Never allow dirt or dust particles to enter the hydraulic, oil or transmission systems. FREEZING WEATHER PRECAUTIONS Cold weather is harder on the forklift than hot weather in many respects, especially in regard to fuel, engine starting and coolant.

Lesson 4 • Page 45

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